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Ultrasonic High power system
When ultrasonic waves propagate in a liquid medium, they generate a series of effects such as mechanical, thermal, optical, electrical and chemical ones through mechanical action, cavitation and thermal action. Especially high-power ultrasonic waves can produce intense cavitation, thereby creating local instantaneous high temperatures, high pressures, vacuums and micro-jets.As a physical means and tool, ultrasonic technology can generate a series of conditions close to extreme ones in the commonly used media of chemical reactions. This energy can not only stimulate or promote many chemical reactions, accelerate the reaction rate, but also change the direction of some chemical reactions, and produce some unexpected effects and miracles. It is generally believed that the occurrence of the above phenomena mainly results from the mechanical action and cavitation of ultrasonic waves, which change the reaction conditions and environment.
Mechanical action - When ultrasonic waves are introduced into a chemical reaction system, they can cause substances to undergo intense forced motion, generating unidirectional forces that accelerate the transfer and diffusion of substances. This can replace mechanical stirring and cause substances to peel off from the surface, thereby refreshing the interface.
Cavitation - In some cases, the generation of ultrasonic effects is associated with the cavitation mechanism. Ultrasonic cavitation refers to a series of dynamic processes that occur in the microbubbles (cavities) existing in a liquid under the action of ultrasonic waves: oscillation, expansion, contraction and even collapse. At the cavitation site, the local state of the liquid undergoes significant changes, generating extreme high temperatures and high pressures. This provides a new and very special physicochemical environment for chemical reactions that are difficult or impossible to achieve under normal conditions.
Catalytic chemical reactions -
① High temperature and high pressure conditions are conducive to the decomposition of reactants into free radicals and divalent carbon, forming more active reaction species;
② Shock waves and micro-jets have desorption and cleaning effects on solid surfaces (such as catalysts), which can remove surface reaction products or intermediates and the passivation layer on the catalyst surface;
③ Shock waves may destroy the structure of reactants;
④ Disperse the reactant system;
⑤ Ultrasonic cavitation on the metal surface causes deformation of the metal lattice and the formation of internal strain zones, thereby increasing the chemical reactivity of the metal;
⑥ Promote the penetration of the solvent into the interior of the solid, generating so-called intercalation reactions;
⑦ Improve the dispersion of the catalyst.
Applications of Ultrasonic Acoustic Chemistry:
Ultrasonic acoustic chemistry can be applied to almost all chemical reactions, such as extraction and separation, synthesis and degradation, biodiesel production, microbial treatment, degradation of toxic organic pollutants, biodegradation treatment, biological cell disruption, dispersion and aggregation, etc.
◆ Chinese Medicine Extraction: It refers to the use of ultrasound to crush (break) the cells of Chinese medicine to achieve the purpose of efficient extraction of useful substances. Compared with traditional extraction techniques, ultrasonic-assisted extraction has the advantages of fast speed, low cost, high efficiency, safety, low cost, and wide applicability.
Chinese Medicine Extraction
◆ Biodiesel Production: Biodiesel is produced by ultrasonic emulsification to prepare a biomass oil-diesel emulsion. The emulsion actually disperses the bio-oil droplets into another immiscible diesel fluid. Compared with other technologies, the prepared droplets can be finely dispersed, have a narrow distribution, high efficiency, good dispersion effect, and can increase the stability of the emulsion.
Biodiesel
◆ Ultrasonic Anti-Marine Organisms: Based on the cavitation effect of ultrasound, when the microbubble nuclei in the liquid are activated by ultrasound, they exhibit a series of dynamic processes, such as bubble oscillation, growth, contraction, and collapse. At the moment of bubble rupture, hundreds of atmospheres of pressure and thousands of degrees Celsius of high temperature are generated in the liquid, causing the rapid shedding of marine organisms' adhesion and crushing the epidermal cells of marine organisms, thereby achieving the purpose of preventing marine organisms.
◆ Ultrasonic Catalysis: The application of ultrasound in catalytic reaction processes can simulate high-temperature and high-pressure reactions in reactors at the microscopic scale, providing a very special physical and chemical environment for catalytic reactions that are difficult or impossible to achieve under normal conditions. Catalytic reactions can be carried out in a milder environment. It can further increase the reaction rate, shorten the reaction time, and improve the yield of the target product. Main applications include metal surface catalysis, phase transfer catalysis, enzyme catalysis, etc.
◆ Ultrasonic Dispersion: It refers to the process of dispersing and disintegrating particles in a liquid medium through the "cavitation" effect of ultrasound in the liquid. Ultrasonic dispersion can be divided into emulsion dispersion (liquid-liquid dispersion) and suspension dispersion (solid-liquid dispersion), and has been widely applied in many fields. The application of ultrasonic dispersion in suspensions includes dispersing in water or solvents in the coating industry, dispersing dyes in molten paraffin, dispersing drug particles in the pharmaceutical industry, and dispersing in the food industry, etc.
